Sound travels slower with an increased altitude. The speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s or 1.235 km/h or 767 mph. Because S-waves do not pass through the liquid core, two shadow regions are produced ( Figure). Humidity has very little effect on the speed of sound, while the static sound pressure (air pressure) has none. The time between the P- and S-waves is routinely used to determine the distance to their source, the epicenter of the earthquake. The P-wave gets progressively farther ahead of the S-wave as they travel through Earth’s crust. P-waves have speeds of 4 to 7 km/s, and S-waves range in speed from 2 to 5 km/s, both being faster in more rigid material. Both types of earthquake waves travel slower in less rigid material, such as sediments. For that reason, the speed of longitudinal or pressure waves (P-waves) in earthquakes in granite is significantly higher than the speed of transverse or shear waves (S-waves). The bulk modulus of granite is greater than its shear modulus. Earthquakes produce both longitudinal and transverse waves, and these travel at different speeds. If you move up to 120,000 feet, the speed will drop down to. is there an equation for sound traveling through solids and non. There's more than one factor, and if you are just looking at inertia, the resistance to change shape (which density is a component of) impedes the flow of a wave. At sea level, the value is right around the 340 m/s mark. type12 said: Nope, they travel faster in solids not because of density, but due to elasticity. Seismic waves, which are essentially sound waves in Earth’s crust produced by earthquakes, are an interesting example of how the speed of sound depends on the rigidity of the medium. Here is a plot of the speed of sound at different heights above sea level. The second shell is farther away, so the light arrives at your eyes noticeably sooner than the sound wave arrives at your ears.Īlthough sound waves in a fluid are longitudinal, sound waves in a solid travel both as longitudinal waves and transverse waves. The first shell is probably very close by, so the speed difference is not noticeable. Sound and light both travel at definite speeds, and the speed of sound is slower than the speed of light. V=\sqrt Differentiating with respect to the density, the equation becomes
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